What is Sports Injury Physiotherapy?

Sports injuries are surprisingly common, and you don’t have to be a professional athlete to experience one. Whether your injury is acute or chronic, seeking the appropriate rehabilitation and care, such as sports injury physiotherapy, is important to manage your discomfort and reclaim your active lifestyle, allowing you to live to the fullest.

Sports injury physiotherapy is a focused branch of physiotherapy dedicated to addressing and rehabilitating injuries sustained during sports and physical activities. It typically includes:

  • Manual therapy to manage pain and stiffness
  • Exercise therapy consisting of specific movements to support recovery and strengthen muscles
  • Injury prevention, such as sports technique changes and lifestyle modifications 

While this form of physio may offer significant benefits for some, it is crucial to recognise that its effectiveness may vary based on individual factors, such as:

  • The nature and severity of the injury
  • The patient’s age, overall health and lifestyle
  • The patient’s commitment to the rehabilitation process
  • The patient’s psychology
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Table of Contents

The Sports Injury Physiotherapist

The Stages of Sports Rehabilitation

Types and Causes of Sports Injuries

Common Sports Injuries and Their Symptoms

When to Seek Physiotherapy

Choosing a Sports Rehabilitation Clinic in Singapore

Related Articles

Frequently Asked Questions about Sports Physiotherapy in Singapore

The Sports Injury Physiotherapist

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As the Clinic Director and Chief Physiotherapist, Ng Hong Kai commitment to patient care is evident through his credentials. Under Hong Kai’s guidance, you can look forward to receiving therapies rooted in training, experience, and genuine passion for your well-being. 

In addition to addressing general musculoskeletal health, Hong Kai also works with athletes to rehabilitate sports injuries and support muscular function. Drawing on his background in exercise physiology and biomechanics, he develops customised recovery plans to help our patients return to their sport stronger after injuries. Whether you suffered an ACL tear, shoulder dislocation, or chronic ankle sprain, Hong Kai will take a hands-on approach to address your unique needs and minimise the chances of re-injury.

The Stages of Sports Rehabilitation

When it comes to recovering from sports injuries, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach, as all injuries and bodies are unique. However, the rehab journey generally involves these key stages:

Stage 1: Pain Control and Protection

The initial focus is on managing pain, immobilising the injured area, and preventing further damage, whether it’s swelling, inflammation, limited movement, muscle weakness, or joint tenderness.

Stage 2: Mobility and Flexibility Restoration

Post-injury, stiffness and discomfort are common. This phase aims to restore some level of flexibility and mobility in the affected joints through stretching, flexibility exercises, and targeted movements.

Stage 3: Strength and Endurance Rebuilding

This stage focuses on rebuilding muscle strength, stamina, and endurance. This may include incorporating bodyweight or isometric exercises. As one progresses, low-load exercises or techniques like blood flow restriction therapy may be introduced to encourage muscle gains and induce high muscle fatigue.

Stage 4: Control and Coordination

Sports injuries may sometimes disrupt your proprioception – your sense of where your body is in space. This can affect your balance and coordination. Hence, at this stage, the physiotherapist may incorporate exercises designed to address neuromuscular control and improve your overall body awareness.

Stage 5: Sport-Specific Training and Injury Prevention

In this final phase, one will combine their gains to return to complex, sport-specific movements. If the injury occurred during your sport or specific activity, the physiotherapist may also focus on preventing re-injury by addressing the underlying causes.

Types and Causes of Sports Injuries

Understanding the types and causes of sports injuries is crucial in both managing and preventing the further aggravation of the condition. Injuries can broadly be classified into acute and chronic categories, each with distinct characteristics and requiring different approaches to management.

Acute injuries are those that occur suddenly during an activity as a result of a fall, collision or sudden movement. 

The impact of these injuries may be immediate and quite evident, resulting in pain, swelling, and reduced function. Additionally, the severity and nature of these injuries greatly influence recovery times and the effectiveness of physiotherapy management methods.

Examples of acute sports injuries include:

  • Sprains
  • Fractures
  • Muscle tears

Chronic injuries develop over time and are usually the result of repetitive stress or overuse. Unlike acute injuries, chronic injuries manifest gradually and may be subtler in their onset. They are also influenced by one’s age, level of physical activity, and overall health and often require longer and more complex rehabilitation strategies.

Common examples of chronic sports injuries are:

  • Tendonitis
  • Stress fractures
  • Overuse syndromes like tennis elbow, shin splints, and rotator cuff injuries

Overtraining places excessive stress on muscles, tendons, and joints, increasing the risk of chronic wear and tear. Furthermore, without proper rest, muscles are not given the time needed to recover and heal which could increase the risk of injuries. Additionally, neglecting a balanced training regimen can create imbalances in strength and flexibility, making one more susceptible to sports-related injuries.

Attempting to resume your normal routine before one’s body has fully healed can lead to re-injury or exacerbate the existing condition, potentially prolonging one’s recovery time.

Ignoring pain or discomfort after a sports injury may have serious consequences. What might initially seem like a minor issue could develop into a chronic problem if left untreated. Therefore, seeking prompt medical attention and adhering to a rehabilitation plan is important to avoid long-term complications and ensure recovery.

The causes of sports injuries are multifaceted and can include factors such as:

  • Overexertion and Trauma: While these are common causes, they do not always result in injuries. The body's response can be influenced by various factors, including physical conditioning and the nature of the activity.
  • Improper Warm-Up: Skipping or inadequately performing warm-up exercises can elevate the risk of injuries, although proper warm-up alone cannot wholly prevent them.
  • Incorrect Technique: Using incorrect technique in sports or exercise is a notable risk factor, but even with correct technique, injuries can occur due to other variables.
  • Inadequate Equipment: The use of inappropriate or poor-quality equipment can increase the likelihood of injuries. Conversely, even with the right equipment, the risk of injury cannot be entirely eliminated.
  • Individual Physical Condition: Pre-existing health conditions or physical limitations may make an individual more susceptible to injuries. However, these are not the only factors that contribute to the likelihood of sustaining a sports injury.

Common Sports Injuries and Their Symptoms

Below is a detailed examination of some frequent sports injuries, their symptoms, and potential causes. However, it is important to note that these injuries vary widely in their presentation and severity, often depending on the individual’s activity level, biomechanics, and other factors.

  • Symptoms: Tennis Elbow is characterised by pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow, this condition can make gripping or lifting objects challenging. The pain might also radiate into the forearm and wrist. In these cases, physio for elbow pain may aid in managing pain and discomfort.
  • Causes: While commonly associated with repetitive wrist and forearm movements, it's not limited to tennis players. Plumbers, painters, carpenters, and butchers, due to the nature of their work, can also develop this condition.

  • Symptoms: Tennis Elbow is characterised by pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow, this condition can make gripping or lifting objects challenging. The pain might also radiate into the forearm and wrist.
  • Cause: While commonly associated with repetitive wrist and forearm movements, it's not limited to tennis players. Plumbers, painters, carpenters, and butchers, due to the nature of their work, can also develop this condition.

  • Symptoms: Ankle sprains typically present with pain, especially when bearing weight on the affected ankle, along with swelling and bruising. To address the pain, one can seek out foot physiotherapy. In more severe cases, there might be a temporary inability to walk.
  • Causes: abnormal twisting or rolling of the ankle, often occurring during athletic activities but can also happen during everyday activities.
man with knee pain symptom marked by red in photo requiring physiotherapy treatment

  • Symptoms: Runner's Knee is marked by a dull, aching pain around the front of the knee. It can be exacerbated by activities like climbing stairs, squatting, and sitting with a bent knee for long periods. To address this condition, it is advised to seek out knee physiotherapy.
  • Causes: 
    • Overuse from vigorous athletics or high-impact sports
    • Misalignment of the kneecap
    • Muscular imbalances

  • Symptoms: Pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, which might start as a dull ache and become sharp and severe. Activities like running or jumping can exacerbate the pain.
  • Causes: Frequently associated with repetitive stress on the shinbone and the tissues attaching the shinbone to the muscles surrounding it. Common in runners, dancers, and military recruits.

  • Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and bruising around the affected joint, accompanied by a feeling of instability or "giving way."
  • Causes: Sudden twisting or wrenching motions, forcefully overextending the joint, or a direct impact.
man with black shirt suffering from pain on left shoulder

  • Symptoms: Sudden sharp pain, muscle tightness or spasms, and a limited range of motion in the affected area. Bruising and swelling may also occur.
  • Causes: Overexerting the muscle, forceful contractions, or repetitive movements without adequate rest.
runner's leg pain

  • Symptoms: Tenderness and pain along the tendon, often worsening with movement or activity. Stiffness and mild swelling may also be present.
  • Causes: Repetitive strain or overuse of a tendon, often due to poor technique, inadequate warm-up, or excessive training.

  • Symptoms: Intense pain, a visible deformity in the joint, and an inability to move the affected joint. Swelling and bruising often accompany a dislocation.
  • Causes: A forceful impact, a fall, or a twisting motion that pushes the bones out of their normal alignment within the joint.

  • Symptoms: Sharp, severe pain at the injury site, accompanied by swelling, bruising, and possible deformity. The area may be tender to the touch, and movement might be difficult or impossible.
  • Causes: A direct blow to the bone, a fall from a height, or repetitive stress on the bone, leading to a crack or complete break.

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When to Seek Physiotherapy

It’s common to be unsure if pain or discomfort warrants professional care. However, delaying proper care can sometimes worsen the situation. Here are some signs that sports injury physiotherapy may be needed:

  • Worsening Pain: Normal muscle soreness usually subsides within a few days. If your pain intensifies or persists, it’s advisable to consult a physiotherapist for a proper assessment.
  • Mechanical Pain: This refers to pain triggered by specific activities like climbing stairs, walking, or bending. If your pain increases with movement, seeking professional guidance is recommended.
  • Limited Mobility: Whether you’re an athlete or not, pain that restricts your daily activities should prompt a physiotherapy appointment. A physiotherapist can recommend management methods and exercises to ease discomfort and aid recovery.

For acute sports injuries, it is usually recommended to consult a sports injury physiotherapist soon after the injury occurs, as early intervention may ease the recovery process. Similarly, if you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of a chronic sports injury, it is advised to seek out a reputable sports injury physiotherapist to get assessed and begin the necessary therapies. This early intervention may prevent the further aggravation of your condition.

Choosing a Sports Rehabilitation Clinic in Singapore

At a sports rehabilitation clinic, patients can receive personalised therapy plans tailored to their unique conditions and lifestyles. These clinics offer a range of therapies and advice from trained professionals who understand the nuances of sports-related injuries. Here are other aspects you should consider:

  • Qualifications and Experience: Ensure the clinic’s physiotherapists have the necessary credentials and expertise in sports injury rehabilitation. Look for certifications, specialisations, and years of experience in treating sports-related conditions. A knowledgeable and skilled therapist will likely be better equipped to assess your injury and create a tailored treatment plan for optimal recovery.
  • Conducive and Well-Equipped Facility: A comfortable and well-equipped facility is also important for effective rehabilitation. The clinic should have a dedicated space for physiotherapy, with access to the latest equipment and technology to aid in your recovery process. A clean and organised environment can also contribute to a positive and motivating experience.
  • Comprehensive Services: A reputable sports rehabilitation centre should offer a wide range of services to support your recovery journey. Beyond physiotherapy, they might provide additional therapies such as sports massage, post-operative rehabilitation, or strength and conditioning programmes. A comprehensive approach is more likely to ensure that all aspects of your recovery are addressed, potentially maximising your chances of a successful return to your sport.

Furthermore, sports injury physiotherapists may also specialise in other areas, such as post-operative rehabilitation or sports massage. These additional therapies may be prescribed to support your recovery process.

Frequently Asked Questions about Sports Physiotherapy in Singapore

The number of physiotherapy sessions required for a sports injury is highly individualised. It varies based on the injury's complexity, the patient's healing rate, age, overall health, and how rigorously they adhere to their physiotherapy regimen.

Minor injuries like mild sprains may require only a few sessions, while more significant injuries like ACL tears or chronic conditions might need ongoing treatment over several weeks or months. The progress is often monitored and adjusted by the physiotherapist to ensure optimal rehabilitation.

Yes, there are. At-home exercises and self-care routines are an integral part of sports injury rehabilitation. These routines typically include stretching, strengthening exercises, and activities aimed at improving mobility and function. For instance, for a knee injury, exercises might focus on enhancing quadriceps and hamstring strength.

However, it is important to note that these exercises should be performed as instructed by a physiotherapist, as improper technique may hinder recovery or worsen the injury. Additionally, self-care measures like applying ice to reduce swelling and avoiding activities that exacerbate the injury are usually recommended.

While sports injury physiotherapy is predominantly safe, certain risks or complications can arise. These include mild discomfort or soreness after treatment, which is generally a normal part of the healing process.

In rare cases, patients may experience increased pain or inflammation if exercises are performed incorrectly or too vigorously. Patients are encouraged to practice open communication with their physiotherapist as it can aid the physiotherapist in adjusting the treatment plan accordingly. It's also important for patients to provide their complete health history to their attending physiotherapist to mitigate any risks related to pre-existing conditions.

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